English Grammar.docx

SVO ( Podmiot, czasownik, dopełnienie) 
Adverbs (Przysłówki) 

Subject          Verb         Object

        I                                         have                               an idea.

     She                       likes                  travelling.

     S                   V                 O

Adverbs:

·       quickly

(How?)

·       at home

(Where?)

·       in the afternoon

(When?)

Adverb of manner  → How?
Adverb of place       → Where?
Adverb of time         → When?

Word order in an English sentence

Subject    Verb    Object    Adverb of manner    Adverb of Place    Adverb of Time

There    is     a     round     table     in     this     room.

Grammar    Verb                               Object                                          Adverb of place
  subject

There is a lamp near the table.
There is also a sofa and two armchairs.
The floor is made of wood. There is a carpet on it. The carpet matches the curtain. There are two loudspeakers in the two corners of the room.
We can see a piano in another corner of the room. There is a bookcase next to it. I like my room very much.

Let me introduce myself to you.
I am a girl of sixteen.
I happen to live in the city of Żywiec which is situated in the south of Poland at the bottom of the Beskidy mountains.
We live in a detached house with a garden. I like it very much here. My family consists of five persons.
I mean me, my parents and my two brothers.
One of them, the eldest is already married to a girl whose name is Monica.
Another one studies in Cracow.
My parents run their own businesses.

It’s 7 degrees Celsius (7°C)
It’s 20 degrees (Celsius) below 0.
                                                                          zero.
A light wind is blowing.
Birds are singing.
It’s getting warmer.

get warm – ocieplać się
get + adjective → zmiana stanu
get tired
get angry
get hungry

            nieprawdaż
It’s late, isn’t it?
I’m busy, aren’t I?  am I not?    amn’t
Everybody is happy, aren’t they?
                                                    isn’t she?   (women)
                                                             isn’t he?     (man)
We have time, don’t we?                                                                      Question                           
She has brothers, doesn’t she?                                                        tags             
She left, didn’t she?                                                                                   
We were away, weren’t we?                                                        
He was fine, wasn’t he?                                                                                   
She can help me, can’t she?                                                       

am, are, is
was, were                                                                                                               
do, does                                                                                                                Auxiliaries                                    did                                                                                                                              (operatory)
can
must
will

            prawda
It’s not late, is it?
I’m not busy, am I?

We live at the seaside.
Where do you live? → Special question
Who lives at the seaside? → Subject question
Do you live at the seaside? → General question

She goes away very often.
How often does she go away? → Special question
Who goes away very often? → Subject question
Does she go away very often? → General question

What kind of book do you like reading?
Where does he go on his winter holiday?
Who did he meet?                                                                           Special question
How do you feel?
What can he do?
When will she arrive?
 

Everybody is not happy, are they?
                                                             is she?
                                                             is he?
We do not have time, do we?
She does not have brothers, does she?
She did not leave, did she?
We were not away, were we?
He was not fine, was he?
She cannot me, can she?

Modals

may, might
can, could
must
dare                                                                                                  + infinitive
should, ought to
will, shall
would

PRESENT INFINITIVE
                          ↗
This may be easy.
He may have telephoned then.
                    PAST INFINITIVE
(It’s possible.)
He might have telephoned then.
(It’s doubtful.)

I can scuba dive.
I could swim when was seven.

I must be healthy.
(My wish, my point of view.)

must  ≈ have to ≈ have got to

I have to take an umbrella as it is going to rain.
(It is necessary for me to take an umbrella.)

I have got to babysit tonight.
(That’s why I can’t come. → making excuses)

How dare you say a thing like that?

You shouldn’t be so nervous.
(You’d better not be so nervous.)

You oughtn’t to smoke in public.
(It is strongly advised.)

I would like to leave for Berlin.

                                       Maybe
She may come.                            (Perhaps she will come)
          ↓
It’s possible that she will come.

She might come.
             ↓
It’s doubtful she will come.

She may have telephoned.
                   PAST INFINITIVE
                   ↓
It’s possible that she telephoned.

She might have telephoned.
                            PAST INFINITIVE
                    ↓
It’s doubtful she telephoned.

Decisions made at the moment of speaking:
I think I will help you.

Decisions made before the moment of speaking:
I’m going to buy a bike.

would like to + infinitive

hope to + infinitive

want to + infinitive

Don’t use “go” and “come” after “going to”!
I’m going to go home.
(= I’m going home...