ML using New Payment Methods.pdf

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FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE
GROUPE D’ACTION FINANCIÈRE
FATF Report
Money Laundering Using
New Payment Methods
October 2010
THE FINANCIAL ACTION TASK FORCE (FATF)
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is an independent inter-governmental body that develops and promotes
policies to protect the global financial system against money laundering and terrorist financing.
Recommendations issued by the FATF define criminal justice and regulatory measures that should be
implemented to counter this problem. These Recommendations also include international co-operation and
preventive measures to be taken by financial institutions and others such as casinos, real estate dealers,
lawyers and accountants. The FATF Recommendations are recognised as the global anti-money
laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CFT) standard.
For more information about the FATF, please visit the website:
WWW.FATF-GAFI.ORG
© 2010 FATF/OECD. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or translation of this publication may be made without prior written permission.
Applications for such permission, for all or part of this publication, should be made to
the FATF Secretariat, 2 rue André Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France
(fax +33 1 44 30 61 37 or e-mail: contact@fatf-gafi.org).
Money Laundering Using New Payment Methods-
October 2010
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The FATF would like to thank Vodafone, Moneybookers and the
Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) for presentations provided
to the project team during the 2009/2010 annual typologies experts’
meeting in the Cayman Islands and MasterCard Europe for their
presentation on prepaid cards at the project team’s intersessional meeting
in Amsterdam in 2010. In addition, comments received from the GSMA
and Western Union, during the FATF private sector consultation, were also
much appreciated.
© 2010 FATF/OECD
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Money Laundering Using New Payment Methods-
October 2010
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© 2010 FATF/OECD
Money Laundering Using New Payment Methods-
October 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 7
2.1
2.2
2.3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................... 12
Recent Developments Related to Prepaid cards .................................................................................. 14
Recent Developments Related to Internet Payment Services ............................................................. 16
Recent Developments Related to Mobile Payment Services .............................................................. 18
CHAPTER 3: RISK ASSESSMENT OF NPMS ................................................................................ 20
Risk factors.......................................................................................................................................... 24
Risk mitigants...................................................................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER 4: TYPOLOGIES AND CASE STUDIES ....................................................................... 36
Typology 1: Third party funding (including straw men and nominees) ............................................. 36
Typology 2: Exploitation of the non-face-to-face nature of NPM accounts ....................................... 40
Typology 3: Complicit NPM providers or their employees ................................................................ 43
Cross-border transport of prepaid cards .............................................................................................. 46
Red Flags............................................................................................................................................. 47
CHAPTER 5: LEGAL ISSUES RELATED TO NPMS ..................................................................... 49
Regulatory models applied to NPMs .................................................................................................. 49
Specific issues in regulation and supervision of NPM ........................................................................ 53
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND ISSUES FOR FURTHER CONSIDERATION .................... 66
APPENDIX A: SUPPLEMENTAL NPM QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS AND ANALYSIS ......... 72
APPENDIX B: EXCERPTS FROM THE 2006 REPORT ON NEW PAYMENT METHODS........ 96
APPENDIX C: RELATED PUBLICATIONS ON NPMS AND ML/TF RISK .............................. 103
APPENDIX D: THE EU LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR NEW PAYMENT METHODS ............... 107
APPENDIX E: GLOSSARY OF TERMS ........................................................................................ 111
3.1
3.2
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.1
5.2.
© 2010 FATF/OECD
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