Women in Gray Robes - Continuity in the Traditional and Contemporary Religious Identity of Korean Buddhist Nuns - A Dissertation by Chungwhan Sung (2011).pdf

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WOMEN IN GRAY ROBES: CONTINUITY IN THE TRADITIONAL AND
CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS IDENTITY OF KOREAN BUDDHIST NUNS
By
CHUNGWHAN SUNG
A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
2011
1
© 2011 Chungwhan Sung
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To my Mom and my family
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I must first thank Robin Wright who has attentively encouraged my research. I wish
also to acknowledge my committee members: Manuel A. Vasquez, Travis Smith, and Won-
ho Park. I am deeply grateful to my former teachers: Seongseok Jung, Hoseong Kim, and
Jason Woo. I also thank the venerable Myeongseong and all the other nuns at the Unmunsa
temple and other Korean nuns who were interviewed and supported my projects.
I am also indebted to my colleagues Jimi Wilson, Leah Sarat, and Phillip Green at the
University of Florida. I would also like to thank to my friends Lynn Paluga, Monia Eric and
all members of the Korean Buddhist Association in Gainesville.
Finally, I am deeply grateful to my mom and my family who have patiently endured
my nebulous times.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .........................................................................................................4
LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................7
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................8
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................9
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION: STUDYING NUNS IN KOREAN BUDDHISM ............................12
Initial Encounter ...............................................................................................................12
Research Theories and Problems .....................................................................................15
Brief Review about Academic Discourse on Nuns in Korean Buddhism .......................18
Research Sources and Method .........................................................................................21
Textual Sources .........................................................................................................21
Fieldwork ...................................................................................................................22
Participant-observation .......................................................................................22
Quantitative research ..........................................................................................24
Qualitative research ............................................................................................25
Chapter Outlines ...............................................................................................................26
2
NUNS IN THE HISTORY OF KOREAN BUDDHISM (4
TH
C-1910)...........................31
The First Nuns on the Korean Peninsula ..........................................................................32
The Motivation of Female Renunciation..........................................................................43
Religious Practice .............................................................................................................50
Social Activities within Patriarchal Society .....................................................................60
3
NUNS IN THE PRE-MODERN AND THE CONTEMPORARY ERA (1910-
PRESENT) ........................................................................................................................80
Religious Practice .............................................................................................................81
Formulating Educational System .....................................................................................92
The Narrative and Oral Histories of Lineages of Nuns .................................................102
Social Activities within Modernity ................................................................................112
4
UNMUNSA AS INSTITUTION ....................................................................................123
The History of Unmunsa Temple ...................................................................................123
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