60 Chess Games of Mikhail Chigorin - Tartajubow.pdf

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60 Chess Games of
Mikhail Chigorin
Edited by Tartajubow
Mikhail I. Chigorin (November 12, 1850-January 25, 1908) was a leading Russian player
who served as a major source of inspiration for the "Soviet School of Chess," which
dominated the chess world for decades.
Chigorin was born near St. Petersburg. His childhood was difficult, orphaned at the age of
nine in 1859, he was sent to an orphanage in the town of Gatchina. The atmosphere in the
orphanage was oppressive and the children were subjected to endless punishments and
lived in constant fear.
Fortunately for Chigorin and the chess world there was a German language teacher at the
orphanage who tried to organize the children’s leisure and taught chess.
Chigorin learned chess at the age of 16 while at the orphanage. In 1868 children at the
orphanage revolted against the despotism they faced and as a result many were arrested or
expelled. Chigorin was one of those expelled and as a result found himself in St. Petersburg
where he spent the next three years seeking employment. Finally in 1871 he managed to
land an insignificant job as an office worker.
For nearly five years he hardly touched a chess set and began to seriously study it in 1874
when he was 24 years old. At that time he began playing local players in tournaments that
were organized at the Café Dominque. In these events the strongest players gave their
opponents odds, usually of Pawn and move. At first Chigorin was recipient of these odds,
but his play attracted much attention and he quickly advanced to the place where he did
not need to receive any odds.
Eventaully he terminated his employment and became a professional chess player. During
that time he played a series of matches with established masters Emanuel Schiffers and
Semyon Alapin and defeat both by large margins. As a result of these victories he was
regarded as the best player in the city and possibly the whole of Russia.
His first international tournament was Berlin, 1881, where he tied for third with Winawer
behind Zukertort and Blackburne. Then in the London, 1883 tournament he finished fourth
behind Zukertort, Steinitz and Blackburne.
At New York, 1889, he tied for first with Max Weiss. As a result of these successes he
challenged the world champion Steinitz for a match.
The match was played at Havana in 1889, and Chigorin was decisively defeated by a score
of 10-6. A second match was played also at Havana in 1892, but he lost again by the score
of 12-10.
He also played a telegraph match against Steinitz in 1890, devised to settle a theoretical
argument. Chigorin had the advantage of choosing the openings in advance from a list
supplied by Steinitz and so won both games.
Towards the end of the century, his standing at home and abroad continued to rise, and he
became one of the world's top four or five players. His reputation as a match player
continued to grow. He drew an 1893 match with Tarrasch. He also established plus scores
against the very strong German master Richard Teichman but oddly could only score four
wins and seventeen losses with four dfraws against David Janowsky.
Chigorin’s best performance was at Hastings, 1895, where he placed second, ahead of
world champion Emanuel Lasker, Tarrasch and former world champion Steinitz. All of the
greatest players of the time participated in the event and Chigorin's outstanding result
included winning his individual encounter with tournament Winner Harry N. Pillsbury.
Pillsbury had great respect for Chigorin's ability and for good reason, as Chigorin had a
lifetime plus score against him (+8-7=6). Although Chigorin had a poor record against
Lasker in serious play (+1-8=4), he was victorious with the black pieces in their first game
of this 1895 tournament, in which he outplayed Lasker in a classic 2N’s against 2B’s
ending.
In other competitions, he was joint winner at Budapest, 1896, and beat Charousek by 3-1
in the playoff. in 1898, he was equal second with Charousek and Cohn behind Amos Burn.
His 7th place finish at London 1899 was disappointing but then at Monte Carlo in 1901 he
placed equal third after Janowski and Carl Schlecter.
A exponent of gambits, he won the King's Gambit Vienna Tournament oin 1903 and
defeated Lasker (+2-1=3) in a Rice Gambit tournament in Brighton. The latter was
howeverdidn’t mean much because it was quickly becoming clear that the Rice Gambit
was unsound, so playing black in each game gave him an advantage. At Lodz 1906, in a
four-player event, he finished second to Akiba Rubinstein.
In addition to these events, he also won the first three All-Russia Tournaments of 1899,
1900/01 and 1903. These successes further cemented his reputation as Russia's best
player. After losing the fourth event in 1906, he challenged and defeated the winner Gersz
Salwe in a match.
His playing style featured a sharp tactical ability and an imaginative approach to the
opening. He rejected many of the doctrines put forward by Tarrasch and Steinitz, but
accepted Steinitz' teachings about the soundness of the defensive center. Chigorin went on
to add to the development of the concept through the work he carried out with closed
variations of the Ruy Lopez. He also pioneered some variations of the Slav Defence. In
addition, his defense to the Queen’s Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 Nc6) and his line as white
against the French Defense )1.e4 e6 2.Qe2) have withstood the test of time even if they never
gained in popularity.
Frank Marshall once commented on the highly agitated state that would possess Chigorin
when he was faced with difficult positions. Aside from the usual frantic foot-tapping and
crossing of legs, he would occasionally become "a bundle of nerves", at which point his
temperament could turn "quite fierce".
Chigorin gave many lectures, wrote magazine articles and chess columns and subsidized
or otherwise supported a number of periodicals to keep them afloat despite low readership
levels. He also founded a chess club in Saint Petersburg and tried for many years to
establish a chess association, an attempt that succeeded a few years after his death.
In 1907, Chigorin failed badly in at Carlsbad and was diagnosed by doctors there with an
advanced and untreatable case of diabetes. It was predicted that he had only months to
live so he returned to his estranged wife and daughter in Lublin and died the following
January.
Today in the Soviet Union Chigorin is regarded as the founder of the ‘Soviet School of Chess',
and his influence maintains a prominent and permanent place in the Soviet chess
hegemony of the 20th century.
Game 1
Knorre - Chigorin,Mikhail
Petersburg, 1874
1.e4 e5
Opening = C50 - Italienische
Partie /Italian Opening
2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4
Bc5 4.0–0 Nf6 5.d3 d6 6.Bg5 h6
[6...Be6
7.Bb3 h6 8.Be3 Bb6 9.Bxb6 axb6 10.Nc3
0–0 11.Bxe6 fxe6 12.d4 exd4 Wuchterl,R-
Foerster,S/OLO-B 1995/GER 11]
7.Bh4
g5 8.Bg3 h5
[8...Qe7 9.c3 Bg4 10.Nbd2
Nh5 11.a4 a5 12.Qb3 Nxg3 13.hxg3 0–0–0
14.Bxf7 h5 15.Nh2 Rdf8 16.Nxg4 hxg4
17.Be6+ Kb8 18.Bxg4 Qh7 0–1 Miller,R-
Geenen,M/Manila olm 1992/TD 92\02]
9.Nxg5N
[9.h4 Bg4 10.c3 Qd7 11.d4 exd4
12.e5 dxe5 13.Bxe5 Nxe5 14.Nxe5
Qf5Dubois,S-Steinitz,W/London
1862/MAINB]
9...h4+-
[¹9...Rf8!?±]
10.Nxf7
[Und nicht 10.Bxf7+ Ke7 11.Bxe5
dxe5³]
10...hxg3 11.Nxd8
[11.Nxh8?!
gxh2+ 12.Kh1 Na5+-]
11...Bg4?
[¹11...Ng4 12.hxg3 Bxf2+ 13.Rxf2 Rh1+
14.Kxh1 Nxf2+ 15.Kg1 Nxd1 16.Nxc6
bxc6+-]
12.Qd2!
Boing!
12...Nd4
XABCDEFGHY
8r+-sNk+-tr(
7zppzp-+-+-'
6-+-zp-sn-+&
5+-vl-zp-+-%
4-+LsnP+l+$
3+-+P+-zp-#
2PzPPwQ-zPPzP"
1tRN+-+RmK-!
xabcdefghy
13.Nc3!
die Entscheidung [13.fxg3??
vergiftet... 13...Nf3+ 14.Kh1 Rxh2#]
13...Nf3+ 14.gxf3 Bxf3
[14...Bxf3 15.Bf7+
Kxd8 16.Bh5 Rxh5 17.h4 Rxh4 18.Qh6
Rxh6 19.Nd5 Rh1#]
0–
1
Game 2
Winawer,S (2530) - Chigorin,Mikhail
(2600)
St.Petersburg, 1875
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 Bxb4
5.c3 Ba5 6.d4 exd4 7.0–0 dxc3 8.Qb3
Qf6 9.e5
[9.Bg5 Qg6 10.Nxc3 Bxc3
11.Qxc3 d6 Janowsky,D-Lasker,E/Int.
1901/0–1 (42)]
9...Qg6 10.Nxc3 Nge7
11.Ba3
[11.Ne2 b5 12.Bd3 Qe6 13.Qb2
(13.Qc2 Nb4 14.Qc3 Nxd3 15.Qxa5 Nxc1
16.Raxc1 Qb6 17.Qc3 Nd5 18.Qd2
Winawer,S-Zukertort,J/Berlin
blind
1871/0–1 (45)) 13...Ng6 14.Nf4 Qe7
15.Nd5 Qe6 16.Qxb5 0–0 Anderssen,A-
Zukertort,J/Berlin 1871 (27)]
11...b5µ
[11...0–0 12.Ne2
(12.Rad1 a6 13.Nd5
Nxd5 14.Bxd5 Re8 15.Ng5
Riemann,F-
Anderssen,A/Breslau 1874 (28)) 12...d6
13.Bd3 Bf5 14.Nh4 Qe6 15.Nxf5 Nxf5
16.Qc2,M-Riemann,F/Berlin 1881 (45);
11...Bb6!?–+]
12.Nxb5 Rb8 13.Bxe7 Kxe7
[‹13...Nxe7 14.Nd6+ cxd6 15.Qxb8+-]
14.Qe3
[14.Qa3+ Bb4 15.Qe3 Rb7µ]
14...Bb6 15.Qa3+ Kd8 16.Rfe1
[16.Bd5
Bb7–+]
16...Bb7µ
[16...Qc2!? 17.Be2
Bxf2+ 18.Kxf2 Rxb5 19.Rac1–+]
17.Rad1
Qc2 18.e6–+
[¹18.Be2!?µ]
18...Ne5??³
[18...Qxc4 19.Rxd7+ Kc8³]
19.Nfd4
Nxc4??+-
[¹19...Qg6 20.Bf1 Qf6³]
20.Nxc2??³
[20.Qg3 Qe4 21.Rxe4 Bxe4
22.Qxg7+-]
20...Nxa3 21.Rxd7+
White
gets decisive kings attack
XABCDEFGHY
8-tr-mk-+-tr(
7zplzpR+pzpp'
6-vl-+P+-+&
5+N+-+-+-%
4-+-+-+-+$
3sn-+-+-+-#
2P+N+-zPPzP"
1+-+-tR-mK-!
xabcdefghy
21...Kc8 22.Ncxa3 fxe6 23.Rxg7 a6?±
[¹23...Bd5 24.Rc1 Kd8³
(24...Bxa2?
25.Nd6+ Kd8 26.Nf7+ Ke8 27.Nxh8+-)
]
24.Nxc7! Rf8?
[24...Bxc7 25.Rc1! Bd5
26.Rcxc7+ Kd8 27.Rgd7+ Ke8±]
25.Rc1

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