Guide Asterisk(1).pdf

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Getting Started With Asterisk
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Getting Started With Asterisk
Version 0.1a
Written by
Andy Powell
If you would like to utilise my skills on a professional basis please visit
Red Dot Systems
Feeling generous? Want to help me buy bit's n bobs to connect to Asterisk and get working? Why
not
Want to just have a quick play with asterisk?
Try the Asterisk Live! CD
which I've put together. Add
a USB key or USB CF card reader and you can reload your configs automatically at boot..
NEW: CF card version
What about a
PXE boot
version?
You can also take a look at the
extended guide
(work in progress) after you've done your install
Contents
Getting Started With Asterisk
Contents
Introduction
Who is your daddy and what does he do?
What is Asterisk?
Who Made Asterisk?
Document Conventions
Installing Linux for Asterisk
Getting the ISO images
Installing Linux
Additional Installs
Obtaining Asterisk PBX
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Getting Started With Asterisk
Pagina 2 di 44
Adding Digium Cards
X100P Installation
TDM400P Installation
Configuration
Rush Hour III – I need something quick
Setting up SIP
Voicemail - Please leave a message after the tone...
Parking Zone....
Meetme behind the bike sheds...
Introduction
Who is your daddy and what does he do?
Oh my! A hugely funny reference to start off… well ok perhaps not, but anyway a little background
on me and reasons for writing the guide. I used to work for a Swiss bank here in Amsterdam, up until
December 2002 that is, when I was made redundant. Having searched for a job everywhere and
finding nothing – more accurately getting no interviews - I thought I’d get myself some new skills.
Asterisk caught my eye as I’d been messing about with Free World Dialup, and had even splashed
out on a couple of IP phones. As you probably know by now, finding some documentation was, well,
a little difficult to say the least. The official guide, although it makes sense to me now, was just a
collection of gibberish. In the end I decided to do something about it, not only to stop me going
insane but to try and help others on those ‘first steps’ to setting up and running what must be
the
Linux PBX software.
Anyway, enough about me, you didn’t even read that bit anyway did you…
What is Asterisk?
Asterisk PBX, from now on just called Asterisk, is Linux based, Open Source and free PBX
software. Or to quote from the Asterisk website
http://www.asterisk.org
(with corrected spelling ;) )
Asterisk is a complete PBX in software. It runs on Linux and provides all of the features you would
expect from a PBX and more. Asterisk does voice over IP in three protocols, and can interoperate
with almost all standards-based telephony equipment using comparatively inexpensive hardware.
Asterisk provides Voicemail services with Directory, Call Conferencing, Interactive Voice
Response, Call Queuing. It has support for three-way calling, caller ID services, ADSI, SIP and
H.323 (as both client and gateway). Check the Features section for a more complete list.
Asterisk needs no additional hardware for Voice over IP. For interconnection with digital and
analog telephony equipment, Asterisk supports a number of hardware devices, most notably all of
the hardware manufactured by Asterisk's sponsors, Digium. Digium has single and quad span T1 and
E1 interfaces for interconnection to PRI lines and channel banks. In addition, an analog FXO card is
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Getting Started With Asterisk
available, and more analog interfaces are in the works.
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Also supported are the Internet Line Jack and Internet Phone Jack products from Quicknet.
Asterisk supports a wide range of TDM protocols for the handling and transmission of voice over
traditional telephony interfaces. Asterisk supports US and European standard signaling types used in
standard business phone systems, allowing it to bridge between next generation voice-data integrated
networks and existing infrastructure. Asterisk not only supports traditional phone equipment, it
enhances them with additional capabilities.
Using the IAX Voice over IP protocol, Asterisk merges voice and data traffic seamlessly across
disparate networks. While using Packet Voice, it is possible to send data such as URL information
and images in-line with voice traffic, allowing advanced integration of information.
Asterisk provides a central switching core, with four APIs for modular loading of telephony
applications, hardware interfaces, file format handling, and codecs. It allows for transparent
switching between all supported interfaces, allowing it to tie together a diverse mixture of telephony
systems into a single switching network.
Asterisk is primarily developed on GNU/Linux for x/86. It is known to compile and run on
GNU/Linux for PPC. Other platforms and standards based UNIX-like operating systems should be
reasonably easy to port for anyone with the time and requisite skill to do so. Asterisk is available in
the testing and unstable debian archives, maintained thanks to Mark Purcell.
Who Made Asterisk?
Asterisk was originally written by Mark Spencer of Digium dba Linux Support Services, Inc. Code
has been contributed from Open Source coders around the world, and testing and bug-patches from
the community have provided invaluable aid to the development of this software.
Document Conventions
Just to clear up any confusion that may occur here are the conventions used in this guide.
Text that appears in grey boxes like this contain the text that should be typed in, or output depending
on the context; however you should omit the leading # character as this simply represents the shell
prompt.
# ls /etc/asterisk
Installing Linux for Asterisk
In order to use Asterisk you are going to have to use Linux. If you are a Linux ‘guru’ then you might
want to skip this section and just take a look at the dependencies. This section deals with installing a
Linux system for use with Asterisk. I make no excuses or arguments for the chosen distribution, Red
Hat 8; I have no intention of discussing the pros and cons of the many different distributions
available. In other words, if you don’t like Red Hat, stop bitching and find a windows user to
torment.
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Getting Started With Asterisk
Pagina 4 di 44
Getting the ISO images
I’m not going to tell you how to create the CD’s required to install Linux, there are other sites for
this. You can find the ISO images required from places like
http://www.linuxiso.org.
Download the
ISO images and burn them. For This installation you only actually need disks 1, 2 and 3 (the
assumption is you are using the default language settings)– If you are pushed for a network
connection you can get away with only downloading and burning those, however, I would
recommend getting the whole set for the sake of completeness.
Installing Linux
The first step is to insert CD 1 of your freshly burned ISO images into the target machine’s CDROM
drive and boot. At this stage I’m going to make an assumption that you are either installing Asterisk
on a new machine or overwriting the disks of whatever was there before. If you want to dual boot
into Asterisk, please look elsewhere for initial configurations. You might want to consult your
physician too. I make no apologies that this section is going to treat you like a moron; this is
intentional. Since we want to be sure that you have no problems running Asterisk we need to make
sure that your installation matches the one I used to build and run it.
The first thing you will need to do on your target machine is ensure that you can boot directly from
CD. Most modern (if not all) will allow this, it is usually just a setting in your BIOS. If you don’t
feel comfortable with messing in the BIOS the simplest test you can do to check and see if booting
from CD is enabled is, funnily enough, to put CD 1 into the drive and reboot the machine. If the
machine starts to boot and eventually shows a screen like the one on the following page, then you are
ok. If you are happy fiddling with the BIOS then just enable booting from CD and make it the first
device to attempt to boot from.
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Getting Started With Asterisk
In either case you should have something like this appear on your screen:
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At this point all you need to do is press
ENTER.
After a short while, you will be presented with the
following introductory screen:
Click the
NEXT
button
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