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The Aviation Historian
The modern journal of classic aeroplanes and the history of flying
®
IRRESISTIBLE
FORCE
TRUK, 1944: A REVOLUTION IN NAVAL WARFARE
13
Issue
NEW BOOK:
JUNKERS W 33, W 34 AND K 43
Workhorse in Peace and War
When in 1919, less than a year after the
devastation of the First World War, the
small six-seat Junkers F 13 made its first
flight at Dessau in Germany, few would
have predicted that it would soon be serv-
ing air routes in most parts of the world.
As air transport grew, more power, capac-
ity and range was demanded , and this
inevitably led to the development of the F
13 into the W 33/W 34, further expanded
with the production of the K 43 military
variant, as war clouds once again descend-
ed on Europe. A total of more than 2,360
aircraft were produced, many as training
aircraft for the Luftwaffe, which demon-
strates their unexpected success.
Having produced a book that compre-
hensively describes the F 13, this follow-
on work of its successor continues the
authors’ more than forty years’ fascination
with Junkers and represents a natural
progression. However, destruction of
many records and documents during the war years has made the task of reconstructing the aircraft’s
history much more difficult, but the wealth of information, photographs, colour drawings, facts and
figures, and production list will take the reader on a great journey through aviation history.
About the book: 21.6 x 27.9 cm, 272 pages, hard covers, 270 b/w photos, five pages of drawings,
many tables and full production list. Colour section with profiles and philately appendix.
Prices:
UK:
Europe:
Rest of world:
£ 30.00 including postage
£ 35.00 including postage
£ 44.00 including postage
Order your copy: WWW.EAMBOOKS.COM
Günter Endres - Lennart Andersson - Rob Mulder
2
THE AVIATION HISTORIAN
Issue No 13
Published quarterly by:
The Aviation Historian
PO Box 962
Horsham RH12 9PP
United Kingdom
Subscribe at:
www.theaviationhistorian.com
(published October 15, 2015)
The Aviation Historian
The modern journal of classic aeroplanes and the history of flying
®
ISSUE NUMBER 13
TM
Editor’s Letter
HERE AT
TAH
we tend to avoid putting together issues based
on a particular theme, but sometimes connections between the
features establish themselves independently of any great
editorial masterplan. Several stories in this issue, for example,
happen to mark significant anniversaries: 80 years ago Qantas
opened its first international air service, as related by David
Crotty in his article on the often-painful development of the
airline’s Brisbane—Singapore D.H.86 Express service. Italian
aviation historian Gregory Alegi marks the 75th anniversary
of the controversial last flight of one of Italy’s greatest aviators,
Italo Balbo; and 50 years on Melvyn Hiscock celebrates Pan
Am Captain Charles Kimes’s masterful handling of a severely
stricken Boeing 707 loaded with passengers in 1965. The last
two both occurred on June 28, a quarter of a century apart —
another of those curious connections. Fittingly for this, the
13th issue, luck — good and bad — plays an important part in
both stories, fate dealing very different hands to those in each.
We also bid farewell to aviation pioneer Frederick Warren
Merriam, whose
Echoes From Dawn Skies
series has formed
such an important part of each issue since we introduced it in
TAH6.
When it comes to connections, Merriam is unbeatable.
One of Britain’s first flying instructors, he knew them all;
pilots, designers, captains of industry — everyone who was
anyone in British aviation. We’ve been delighted to be able to
share some of the memories of Merriam and his companions
— “maniacs!” — as he put it, thanks to his granddaughter
Sylvia Macintosh. As Managing Editor Mick beautifully
explains: “Reading the material today is the next best thing to
teleporting back in time to share a pint with these remarkable
men”. To which I say “cheers!”
Nick Stroud
e-mail nickstroud@theaviationhistorian.com
Mick Oakey
e-mail mickoakey@theaviationhistorian.com
EDITOR
MANAGING EDITOR
PRODUCTION MANAGER
Amanda Stroud
Lynn Oakey
FINANCE MANAGER
For all telephone enquiries:
tel +44 (0)7572 237737 (mobile number)
Gregory Alegi, Dr David Baker, Ian Bott,
Robert Forsyth, Juanita Franzi, Dr Richard
P. Hallion, Philip Jarrett HonCRAeS,
Colin A. Owers, David H. Stringer,
Julian Temple, Capt Dacre Watson
EDITORIAL BOARD
David & Angie Siddall,
David Siddall Multimedia
Published quarterly by
The Aviation Historian,
PO Box 962, Horsham RH12 9PP, United Kingdom
©
The Aviation Historian
2015
ISSN 2051-1930 (print)
ISSN 2051-7602 (digital)
While every care will be taken with material
submitted to
The Aviation Historian,
no responsibility
can be accepted for loss or damage. Opinions
expressed in this magazine do not necessarily reflect
those of the Editor. This periodical must not, without the
written consent of the publishers first being given, be
lent, sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of in a
mutilated condition or in any unauthorised cover by way
of trade or annexed or as part of any publication or
advertising literary or pictorial matter whatsoever.
WEBMASTERS
If you do not wish to keep your copy of
The Aviation Historian
(impossible to imagine, we know),
please ensure you recycle it using an appropriate facility.
Printed in the UK by
The Magazine Printing Company
using only paper from FSC/PEFC suppliers
www.magprint.co.uk
FRONT COVER
Hell in the Pacific — US Navy Grumman Hellcats,
Avengers and Curtiss Helldivers prepare for a strike on the Empire
of the Rising Sun in the Pacific in early 1944. Edward M. Young’s
comprehensive account of Operation
Hailstone
begins on page 76.
BACK COVER
Frederick Warren Merriam, one of Britain’s original
“magnificent men”, beside a Bristol Boxkite at Larkhill in 1913.
THE AVIATION HISTORIAN
MADE IN BRITAIN
Issue No 13
3
4
THE AVIATION HISTORIAN
Issue No 13
CONTENTS
22
3
EDITOR’S LETTER
6
AIR CORRESPONDENCE
12
THE SINGAPORE EXPRESS
Issue No 13
In 1935 Qantas Empire Airways opened Australia’s first
international passenger route, between Brisbane and
Singapore, with the new de Havilland D.H.86. David Crotty
describes the troubled birth of the QEA Express service
22
TO AFRICA IN A BARREL
Swedish aviation historian Leif Hellström provides a full
account of the operations undertaken by a cadre of Saab
J 29 “Flying Barrels” sent by Sweden to support United
Nations forces during the 1960s Congo Crisis
36
ANJOS UM CINCO!
José Matos explains how Portuguese Air Force Hawker
Hurricanes came to be used in the film
Angels One Five,
and details the career of the ageing fighter in Portugal
44
ECHOES FROM DAWN SKIES: AIR-ITIS
44
76
12
In the final instalment of our eight-part series based on
British pioneer F.W. Merriam’s long-lost manuscript of
memories from his contemporaries, Merriam himself revisits
his early years as one of Britain’s first flying instructors
54
NINETY SECONDS OVER TOBRUK
75 years after the death of Italo Balbo, Italy’s most famous
airman, Gregory Alegi tells the full story of the tragic events
surrounding the demise of one of Mussolini’s closest allies
66
THE SOUTH BANK SHOW
Our series based on newly-discovered rolls of film taken
by aviation journalist John Stroud continues with a visit to
London’s South Bank to watch BEA’s whirlybirds at work
74
AN EYE FOR DETAIL: RIDING THE STORM
Juanita Franzi’s series on lesser-known airframes and their
markings continues with a look at a rare civilian Martin
B-57A used by the US Weather Bureau as a hurricane-hunter
54
36
76
A HARD RAIN
Digging deep into the archives, Edward M. Young takes a
detailed look at the US Navy’s operations over the Central
Pacific archipelago of Truk in February 1944, and explains
why it was a breakthrough in naval aerial warfare
90
THE MIRACLE OF FLIGHT 843
50 years ago the superb airmanship of a Pan Am pilot and
his crew averted a major catastrophe when the No 4
engine of their Boeing 707 exploded and tore away half the
starboard wing after take-off, as Melvyn Hiscock relates
100
RUM PUNCH
Nick Stroud chronicles the development of one of France’s
most unusual pre-war military types — the bizarre twin-
engined twin-finned SNCASE SE.100 fighter-bomber
110
THE LIGHT BRIGADE
90
Famous as a lighting and electronics company, Philips was
one of the first organisations to understand the advantages
of a corporate aircraft fleet, as Tom Singfield explains
118
ARMCHAIR AVIATION
123
LOST & FOUND
124
RUSSIA’S REAL FLYING TANKS
Vladimir Kotelnikov reveals previously unpublished details
of the Soviet Union’s 1930s attempts to develop genuine
“flying tanks” — armoured tracked vehicles with wings
130
OFF THE BEATEN TRACK
Issue No 13
THE AVIATION HISTORIAN
5

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