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19-0371; Rev 4; 5/97
ANUAL
N KIT M
LUATIO ATA SHEET
EVA
WS D
FOLLO
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
____________________________Features
o
Stand-Alone NiCd or NiMH Fast Chargers
o
New Pulsed Trickle-Charge Mode (MAX2003A only)
o
Provide Switch-Mode, Gated, or Linear Control
Regulation
o
Small, Narrow SO Package Available
o
On-Chip Fast-Charge Termination Methods:
• Temperature Slope
• Maximum Voltage
• Negative Delta Voltage
• Maximum Time
• Maximum Temperature
o
Automatically Switch from Fast-Charge to
Trickle-Charge or Top-Off Charge
o
Optional Discharge-Before-Charge
o
Directly Drive Status LEDs
o
Optional Top-Off Charge
General Description
The MAX2003/MAX2003A are fast-charge battery charg-
ers (with conditioning) for NiCd (nickel cadmium) or
NiMH (nickel-metal hydride) rechargeable batteries. The
MAX2003A has the same features as the MAX2003 with
an additional pulsed trickle-charge mode to prevent den-
drite formation in NiMH batteries. Each can be config-
ured as a switch-mode current regulator or as a gating
controller for an external current source. Switch-mode
current regulation provides efficient energy transfer,
reducing power dissipation and the associated heating.
Gating control of an external current source requires
minimal components, saving space and cost.
On-chip algorithms determine charge termination, so the
MAX2003/MAX2003A can be used as stand-alone
chargers. Fast-charge termination is accomplished by
five methods: temperature slope, negative voltage
change, maximum temperature, maximum time, and
maximum voltage. As a safety feature, the start of fast-
charge is inhibited until battery voltage and temperature
are within safe limits. By selecting the appropriate
charge-termination method, a single circuit can be built
with the MAX2003/MAX2003A to fast-charge both NiMH
and NiCd batteries.
The MAX2003/MAX2003A provide a switch-activated
discharge-before-charge option that allows for battery
conditioning and more accurate capacity measure-
ment. Other features include optional top-off charging
and direct drivers for LED status lights.
The MAX2003, in DIP and wide SO packages, is a direct
plug-in replacement for the bq2003. The MAX2003/
MAX2003A also come in a space-saving narrow SO
package. The MAX2003A evaluation kit (MAX2003A
EVKIT-SO) is available to assist in designs.
MAX2003/MAX2003A
Ordering Information
PART
MAX2003CPE
MAX2003CSE
MAX2003CWE
MAX2003C/D
MAX2003ACPE
MAX2003ACSE
MAX2003ACWE
MAX2003AC/D
TEMP. RANGE
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
0°C to +70°C
PIN-PACKAGE
16 Plastic DIP
16 Narrow SO
16 Wide SO
Dice*
16 Plastic DIP
16 Narrow SO
16 Wide SO
Dice*
* Contact factory for dice specifications.
___________________Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
CCMD 1
DCMD 2
DVEN 3
TM1 4
TM2 5
TS 6
BAT 7
V
SS
8
16 V
CC
15 DIS
14 MOD
________________________Applications
Battery-Powered Equipment:
Laptop, Notebook, and Palmtop Computers
Handy-Terminals
Portable Consumer Products:
Portable Stereos
Cordless Phones
Backup-Battery Applications:
Memory Hold-Up
Emergency Switchovers
MAX2003
MAX2003A
13 CHG
12 TEMP
11 MCV
10 TCO
9
SNS
DIP/SO
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
For free samples & the latest literature: http://www.maxim-ic.com, or phone 1-800-998-8800.
For small orders, phone 1-800-835-8769.
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
MAX2003/MAX2003A
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
All Pins to V
SS
...........................................................-0.3V, +6.0V
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
Plastic DIP (derate 10.53mW/°C above +70°C) ...........842mW
Narrow SO (derate 8.70mW/°C above +70°C) .............696mW
Wide SO (derate 9.52mW/°C above +70°C).................762mW
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10sec) .............................+300°C
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= 4.5V to 5.5V, Figure 1, all measurements are with respect to V
SS
, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage
Supply Current
Cell Potential
Battery Voltage Input
Temperature Potential
Temperature Sense
Input Voltage
End-of-Discharge Voltage
Maximum Cell Voltage
Low-Temperature
Trip Threshold
Temperature Cutoff Voltage
High-Temperature
Trip Threshold
SYMBOL
V
CC
I
CC
V
CELL
V
BAT
V
TEMP
V
TS
V
EDV
V
MCV
V
LTF
V
TCO
V
HTF
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V, V
TCO
= 1.4V
V
TS
- V
SNS
No load
V
BAT
- V
SNS
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2V
CC
- 30mV
V
EDV
0.4V
CC
- 30mV
V
LTF
- 0.2V
CC
(V
LTF
/8)
+ (7V
TCO
/8)
- 30mV
0.05V
CC
- 25mV
0.044V
CC
- 25mV
(V
LTF
/8)
+ 7V
TCO
/8
0.4V
CC
0.2V
CC
CONDITIONS
MIN
4.5
TYP
5.0
0.75
MAX
5.5
2.2
V
CC
V
CC
V
CC
V
CC
0.2V
CC
+ 30mV
V
EDV
+ 0.2V
CC
0.4V
CC
+ 30mV
V
LTF
(V
LTF
/8)
+ (7V
TCO
/8)
+ 30mV
0.05V
CC
+ 25mV
0.044V
CC
+ 25mV
UNITS
V
mA
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
Sense Trip Threshold High
Sense Trip Threshold Low
Delta Sense Voltage
(Note 1)
Negative Delta Voltage
(Note 2)
Thermistor Input Resolution
(Note 2)
V
SNSHI
V
SNSLO
V
SNSHI -
V
SNSLO
-∆V
V
THERM
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V
0.05V
CC
0.044V
CC
30
V
V
mV
mV
mV
V
CC
= 5V
V
CC
= 5V
12
16
2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.5V to 5.5V, Figure 1, all measurements are with respect to V
SS
, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted.)
PARAMETER
Logic-High Threshold
SYMBOL
V
OH
CONDITIONS
For DIS, TEMP and CHG,
0mA
≤
I
LOAD
≤
5mA; For MOD,
0mA
≤
I
LOAD
≤
10mA
For DIS, TEMP and CHG,
0mA
≤
I
LOAD
≤
5mA; For MOD,
0mA
≤
I
LOAD
≤
10mA
CCMD, DCMD, DVEN
TM1, TM2
CCMD, DCMD, DVEN
TM1, TM2
CCMD, DCMD,
DVEN at V
CC
and V
SS
TM1, TM2 = V
CC
TM1, TM2 = V
SS
TM1, TM2 = tri-state
BAT, MCV, TCO, SNS, TS
-2.0
50
-1.0
-70.0
70.0
2.0
V
CC
- 1.0
V
CC
- 0.3
1.0
0.3
1.0
MIN
V
CC
- 0.5
TYP
MAX
UNITS
V
MAX2003/MAX2003A
Logic-Low Threshold
V
OL
0.5
V
Input Logic Voltage High
Input Logic Voltage Low
Input Logic Leakage
Input Logic Current High
Input Logic Current Low
Input Logic Current High-Z
Input Impedance
V
IH
V
IL
I
LKG
I
IH
I
IL
I
IZ
V
V
µA
µA
µA
µA
MΩ
Note 1:
The sense trip levels are determined by an internal resistor divider network that provides a typical difference of 30mV from
SNSHI to SNSLO. Slight variation in this delta is seen if there is a resistor mismatch in the network.
Note 2:
Typical variations of Negative Delta Voltage and Thermistor Input Resolution parameters are less than ±4mV.
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= 4.5V to 5.5V, Figure 1, all measurements are with respect to V
SS
, T
A
= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values
are at V
CC
= 5.0V, T
A
= +25°C.)
PARAMETER
Minimum Pulse Width
Variation of Fast-Charge Timeout
MOD Switching Frequency
Battery Replacement Timeout
(Note 4)
f
MAX
t
BTO
SYMBOL
t
MPW
CCMD, DCMD
(Note 3)
MOD pin in fast-charge mode, V
CC
= 5V
200
250
CONDITIONS
MIN
1.0
0.84
1.00
1.16
100
300
kHz
ms
TYP
MAX
UNITS
µs
Note 3:
Ratio of actual versus expected timeout (see Table 4). Tested with TM1 = TM2 = floating.
Note 4:
To recognize a battery insert signal, V
BAT
must be greater than V
MCV
for at least t
BTO
.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
MAX2003/MAX2003A
______________________________________________________________Pin Description
PIN
NAME
CCMD
DCMD
DVEN
TM1,
TM2
TS
FUNCTION
Charge-Enabled Mode Input—initiates fast-charge on a digital signal (see
Detailed Description
for operating
conditions).
Discharge-Enable Mode Input—initiates discharge-before-charge on a digital signal (see
Detailed
Description
for operating conditions).
Negative Delta Voltage (-∆V) Enable Input—enables -∆V charge-termination mode. If DVEN is high, the con-
troller uses negative-voltage change detection to terminate charge. If DVEN is low, this mode is disabled.
These inputs are used to program the fast-charge and hold-off times, and to enable the top-off charge
mode. The inputs can be high, low, or floating. See Table 4 for details.
Temperature Sense-Voltage Input from external thermistor. The thermistor temperature coefficient is nega-
tive, so the higher the temperature, the lower the voltage at this pin (See
Detailed Description
for conditions
of operation).
Input Voltage of Single Battery Cell. If more than one cell is present, a resistor divider is needed to divide the
voltage down to a single cell voltage.
Ground
Current-Sense Input—connected to the negative battery terminal. TS and BAT are referenced to this pin.
The voltage at SNS is directly proportional to the current through the battery and is used to determine how
and when MOD switches.
Temperature Cutoff-Voltage Input. If the voltage from TS to SNS is less than the voltage at TCO, a hot ther-
mistor (negative coefficient) is detected and fast or top-off charging is terminated.
Maximum Cell Voltage Input. If the voltage from BAT to SNS exceeds the voltage at MCV, fast or top-off
charging is terminated.
Temperature Status Output. This push/pull LED driver indicates that the temperature is outside the accept-
able limits, and fast-charge and top-off are inhibited (see
Maximum Temperature Termination
section in
Detailed Description).
Charge Status Output. This push/pull LED driver indicates charge status (see
Detailed Description).
Modulation Output. This push/pull output switches to enable or disable charging current. If MOD is high,
current is enabled. If it is low, current is disabled. For a 5V supply, if the voltage at the SNS pin is less than
220mV, MOD is high. If the voltage is above 250mV, MOD is low.
Discharge-Switch Control Output. This push/pull output turns on the FET that discharges the battery.
Power-Supply Voltage Input (+5V nominal). Bypass with a 0.1µF capacitor placed close to the device.
1
2
3
4, 5
6
7
8
9
BAT
V
SS
SNS
10
11
TCO
MCV
12
13
14
15
16
TEMP
CHG
MOD
DIS
V
CC
4
_______________________________________________________________________________________
13V/2A
DC SOURCE
R
TR
10k
(*150Ω (2W))
*TRICKLE-CHARGE
RATE
C/40
IN
LM317
ADJ
0.1µF
22µF
10k
1N5819
V
CC
10V ZENER
G
1N5822
CHARGE
RATE
1C
5V OUT
Q1
P
MMDF3P03HD
S
D
100µH
1N5822
22µF
0.1µF
22µF
243Ω
732Ω
0.1µF
1µF
14
MOD
14
1, 3, 5
74HC04
9, 11, 13
7
2, 4, 6
8, 10, 12
D
DIS
S
TS
6
R
T
100k
1k
LED
12
13
CHG
SNS
MCV
C
B
0.1µF
10
TC0
V
SS
8
BAT 7
R
B
100k
9
11
LED
1k
TEMP
R1
60.4k
R2
3.48k
R3
33.2k
C
T
0.1µF
R
T2
15
G
Q2
N
MMSF5NO3HD
V
CC
PUSH TO
DISCHARGE
16
5
TM2
TM1
4
V
CC
R
DIS
4Ω (20W)
TO V
CC
R
B1
100k
DISCHARGE
RATE
1C
DURACELL DR17
R
T1
1700mAh
6 NiMH
R
B2
20k
Figure 1. Switched-Mode Operation for NiMH Batteries with
∆
T/
∆
t Termination
2
DCMD
CCMD
DVEN
1
100k
3
MAX2003
MAX2003A
NTC
R
SNS
0.14Ω
1%
(1W)
MAX2003/MAX2003A
_______________________________________________________________________________________
* COMPONENT USED FOR MAX2003.
NiCd/NiMH Battery
Fast-Charge Controllers
5

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