H05M-UsingXCode.pdf

(276 KB) Pobierz

CS106B

Winter 07-08

Handout #5M

January 14, 2008

Using Xcode for Macintosh

In CS106B, you have the option of writing your programs on the Mac or PC. For the

Macintosh environment, you will write your programs using a C++ compiler by Apple

called Xcode. Our CS106 libraries were developed and tested on Xcode version 2.5

which is available for free download from Apple’s developer site. Xcode 2.5 requires

Mac OS X 1.4 (Tiger) or newer

. The libraries also work on Xcode 3.0 for Max OS X 1.5

(Leopard). You can also use Xcode on the Mac OS computers in the public clusters on

campus. Please see the next section for instructions on how to do this.

Using Xcode at a cluster

Xcode is available for use in the Lair (the Tresidder Macintosh cluster), on the Macs in

Meyer library, and in the residential computer clusters. The 106 libraries will already be

loaded on them, so you should be able to just open Xcode and proceed from “Creating

the add2 project” section.

Downloading your own copy of Xcode from the Web

First, note that most versions of Mac OS X come with Xcode preinstalled. However, you

should check the version of Xcode you have. The easiest way to do this is to first open

the application. Then, from the Xcode menu, select “About Xcode”. The window that

opens should say what version you have. If it is version 2.5 or later, you have the correct

version. If not, use the following directions to download the most recent version.

Use your web browser to connect to

http://developer.apple.com/tools/Xcode/

Click on the Tools Download link.

Then, if you have Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), click on the “Xcode 2.5 (DMG)” link. If you

have Max OS X 10.5 (Leopard), click on the “Xcode 3.0 (DMG)” link. At this point, if

you do not have one, you will need to create an Apple account. However, creating an

account is free, so go ahead and make one. Click on the Xcode 2.5 / Xcode 3.0 (Disk

Image). This will begin the download.

If you have an earlier version of Mac OS and would like to use Xcode, contact us and we can give you

special instructions

-2-

Once the download is finished, there should be a drive called “Xcode Tools” loaded.

If not, double click on the downloaded file, “

Xcode_2.5.1_8m1910_6936315.dmg

” (it

may not be called exactly this; don’t worry if it isn’t). Inside the “Xcode Tools” drive,

double click on “XcodeTools.mpkg”. This will open an installer for Xcode. Follow the

instructions in the installer, and when you are finished Xcode will be installed.

Downloading and Installing the CS106 Libraries

Here you will download the special libraries, such as genlib, that we use in this course.

To start, use a web browser to access the following

http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs106b/materials/libraries/CS106Libs_for_

http://see.stanford.edu/materials/icspacs106b/CS106Libs_for_Xcode.zip

Xcode.zip

. This will download the installer. If it does not start automatically, double

zip

click on the download to start. Follow the instructions in the installer to install the CS106

Libraries.

Creating the add2 project

Every program written using Xcode has a project that indicates what different program

files need to be compiled together in order for the complete program to work.

Note that

currently projects with spaces in their names will not create properly for Stanford

Projects in Xcode.

Instead of naming a project something like “My Project”, you should

use “MyProject” or “My_Project” or something else similar. We are going to create a

project that uses a simple pre-written program, named

add2.cpp

. You can download the

code for

a d d 2 . c p p

by using a web browser to go to the link

http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs106b/materials/examples/add2.cpp

, and then

http://see.stanford.edu/materials/icspcs106b/add2.cpp

select the "Save As" option from the File menu to saving the file to your own computer.

Once you have the .cpp file, you will need to create an Xcode project and add the .cpp

file we provide. You will go through the basic process described below for each

programming assignment that you do in this course, using your own code files.

Start the Xcode application. It's a good idea to create an alias for this program and place

it on your desktop or in another convenient place. You can also put it in your program

dock. Select

New Project...

from the

File

menu. The following dialog will appear:

-3-

Now you need to tell Xcode what type of project you are creating, what to call it, and

where to put it. First, highlight "Stanford CS106 C++" in the list on the left, then click

“Next”. Type “Example_Project” as the name of the project.

Now you have to show where the project should be located. Xcode has a default location,

which you can use if you’d like. Otherwise, click “Choose...” and use the resulting dialog

to select where you’d like the project to be. Note that the end of the location will be the

same name as your project (e.g., “~/Example_Project/”). This is a folder Xcode will

automatically create to store the project files.

Click OK. The project is now created.

How to Use the Xcode Project Window

The Xcode project window has a number of folders and buttons. You will only need to

use a few of them; this section will walk you through them.

-4-

1. This is your project folder. When you want to create a new file or add an existing file,

you right click on this folder and select the appropriate option.

2. Selecting this folder will show you the current errors or warnings in the current project.

Note that they will not appear until you build the project (build means to create a machine

readable version of your code).

3. This button will build the project.

4. This button will build and, if there are no errors, run the project.

Adding add2.cpp to the Example Project

To start, move

add2.cpp

into the project folder that Xcode created for

“Example_Project”. Then, in Xcode, right click on the project folder (1, above). Mouse

over “Add” and then select “Existing Files”. The starting folder should be your project

folder, so click on “

add2.cpp

”. If not, navigate to the project folder, and then click on

add2.cpp

. Click “Add” and then “Add” again on the resulting dialog window.

add2.cpp

is now loaded into your project.

Building and Running add2.cpp

At this point, you can run the

add2

program. You can do this in one of a couple ways.

The easiest way is to click on the “Build and Go” button (4, above). If you opened

add2.cpp

, there is a corresponding button in that window that you can also click on.

Two new windows will then appear. One is a log window that contains some information

about the currently running program. The other is called the

console window.

The console

window makes it possible to interact with the running program. Any output generated by

the program (usually through the use of the

cout

function) will appear in the console

window. When the program needs input values, you will enter these by typing data into

-5-

the console window. When your program is finished, you select

Quit

from the menu with

the name of the project to return to the editing environment.

Looking at the

add2.cpp

program

If you haven’t already, you can also open up a source file by double-clicking on its name

in the project window. Doing so opens a new window with the actual text of the program.

For example, if you double-click on the

add2.cpp

file, the text of that program will

appear in an

editor window.

You can then edit the program in this window to change its

behavior. The editor works very much like all of the other editors on the Macintosh.

If you open up the

add2.cpp

file, you will see the following program display:

Note that we are including

genlib.h

and

simpio.h

from the CS106 libraries. Those

files are part of the CS106 libraries that you downloaded from the class web page and can

be included in any file in a project created with the CS106 C++ stationery.

Running your program

Writing a program and typing it in is hardly the end of the programming process. You

need to test your program and make sure that it works. When you clicked on the “Build

and Go” button, the system translated the source program into the internal language of

the machine. This process is called

compiling.

If you’ve done everything right, the

compilation process will finish in a few seconds

, and you can test your program to see if

it works. If it does, awesome! If the program is for an assignment, print out a copy of

the program and go on to the next problem.

Actually, the very first time you compile an Xcode project it may take much longer while it builds a cache

to enable all successive compilations to be faster.

Plik z chomika:

m_r_k

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Assign2PCADTs