BA0702Similarity.pdf

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similarity
Our eyes can easily pick out
and group similar objects
regardless of their proximity.
A
Gestalt theory
|
Part four of eight
re there rules for design? early last
century, psychologists in Austria and
germany developed a school of psychology
called gestalt, which attempts to explain human
behavior in terms of pattern seeking. gestalt theory
explains how the eye organizes visual experiences
and how the brain interprets them. gestalt is not
design, but knowing the visual principles of gestalt
will give you a valuable design toolbox.
Continued
Continued
Gestalt theory: Similarity
0702
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Matching game
In a visual field, our eyes can easily pick out and group objects that are
similar, regardless of their proximity. Elements of similar shape, color or other
attribute can seem to belong together just because they look alike:
Similar objects tend to
pop out of a dissimilar
background, even when
they’re not in proximity
to one another.
Here the dots are equally
spaced, but similarity of color
causes us to perceive them
as vertical columns.
   
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Similarity using color
Similarity can be a forceful tool. In design, its most typical use is to link
distant graphics to reinforce underlying messages.
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After
Similarity can bridge gaps
An object’s color
is visually stronger than its shape. Because of
this, color is the most effective way to connect
distant objects. (Above) Note the visual con-
nection between the yellow words and the tiny
circle on the opposite end. (Right) Pay attention
to the background colors of objects you’re trying
to connect. Both must stand out equally against
their respective backgrounds.
Strong connection
Weak connection
Global application
Similarity is
often seen in interior design. (Above)
One way to visually connect one
element of a room to another is by
repetition of color.
   
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Similarity using type
Use similarity to group headlines and subheads. This works best when
the similarities are obvious and can be seen immediately.
The principle of similarity is
used whenever body copy
is set in one font and sub-
heads in a different font.
It is their similarity which
wordlessly tells the reader
that one headline is of the
same kind as another.
Important Safety Instructions
FCC Warning
This equipment may generate or use radio frequency energy. Changes or modifications
to this equipment may cause harmful interference unless the modifications are expressly
approved in the manual. The user could lose the authority to operate this equipment if an
unauthorized change or modification is made.
Notice (U.S.A. Only)
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class 2 digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reason-
able protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
Subheads
are set in a
heavier weight to create sep-
aration from the body copy.
Section headlines
are consistently set in the
same style, size, and color.
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products, systems, and powered speaker components, accessories, and other products not
listed here unless specified in the Owner’s Guide. The Limited Warranty lasts for five years
for speaker components that are not self-powered (amplified).
What is Covered
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8
Ample space,
along with
color, reinforces the start
of a new section.
Note, even when used sparingly,
red
is such a dominant color
that its visual weight is similar
to that of a much bigger object.
   
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Similarity using shape
Similar shapes can be used to connect objects. The more alike the
shapes are, the stronger the connection.
City trees
often serve several archi-
tectural and engineering functions. For
example, the dense leaves of the flasp
texture end mist of it snooling. Spaff
forl isn’t cubular but quastic, leam
restart that can’t prebast. It’s tope, this
fluant chasible. Silk, shast, lape and
behast the thin chack. It has larch to
say fan. Texture end mist of it snooling.
Keep them the same
(Above) A circle is used
as a “magnifier” to graphically tell the viewer to
“look here.” Its strong visual connection to the
bigger circle on the right is reinforced not just by
their shapes, but also by their identical stroke and
content. (Right) The more alike the shapes are,
the stronger the connection.
Same . . .
Somewhat alike . . .
   
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