PIC16C84.TXT

PIC16C84 FEATURES 

High Performance RISC-like CPU
==============================

 * Only 35 single word instructions to learn 
 * All single cycle instructions (400 ns)except for program branches
   which are 2 cycles 
 * Operating Speed: DC - 10 MHz clock input DC - 400 ns instruction
   cycle
 * 14-bit wide instructions
 * 8-bit wide data path
 * 1024 x 14 on-chip EPROM program memory
 * 36 x 8 general purpose registers (SRAM)
 * 15 special function hardware registers
 * 64 x 8 EEPROM data memory
 * 8 level deep hardware stack
 * Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes
 * Four interrupt sources:
    - External INT pin
    - RTCC timer overflow
    - PortB(7-4) interrupt on change
    - Data EEPROM write complete

Peripheral features 
===================

 * 13 I/O pins with individual direction control
 * High current sink/source for direct LED drive 25 mA sink max.
   per pin
 * 20 mA source max. per pin
 * 8-bit real time clock/counter (RTCC) with 8-bit programmable
   prescaler
 * Special Microcontroller Features
    - Power-on reset
    - Power up timer
    - Oscillator start-up timer
    - Watchdog timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator
      for reliable operation
    - Security EPROM fuse for code-protection
    - Power saving SLEEP mode
    - User selectable oscillator options:
        RC oscillator: RC
        Crystal/resonator: XT
        High speed crystal/resonator: HS
        Power saving low frequency crystal: LP
    - Serial, In-System Programming (ISP) of EPROM program 
      memory using only two pins

CMOS technology
===============

 * Low power, high speed CMOS EPROM technology
 * Fully static design
 * Wide operating voltage range:
    - Commercial: 2.0V to 6.0V
    - Industrial: 2.0V to 6.0V
    - Automotive: 2.0V to 6.0V
 * Low power consumption
    - < 2mA @ 5V, 4 MHz
    - 15 uA typical @ 2V, 32 KHz (with A.D off)
    - < 1 uA typical standby current @ 2V

INTRODUCTION
============

The PIC16C84 is a high-performance, low-cost, CMOS, fully-static
8-bit microcontroller with 1K x 14 EEPROM program memory and 64
bytes of EEPROM data memory. It is the second member of an enhanced
family of PIC16CXX microcontrollers.

Its high performance is due to instructions that are all single
word (14-bit wide), which execute in single cycle (400 ns at 10
MHz clock) except for program-branches which take tow cycles (800
ns).

The PIC16C84 has four interrupt sources and an eight level hardware
stack.

The peripherals include an 8-bit timer/counter with an 8- bit
prescaler (effectively a 16 bit timer) and 13 bi- directional
I/O pins. The high current drive (25 mA max. sink, 20 mA max source)
of the I/O pins help reduce external drivers and therefore, system
cost.

The PIC16C84 product is supported by an assembler, an in-circuit
emulator and a production quality programmer. These tools are
supported on the IBM PC and compatible machines.


GENERAL DESCRIPTION
===================

The PIC16C84 is a low-cost, high-performance, CMOS, fully static,
EEPROM-based 8-bit microcontroller. The EEPROM program memory
is intended to be used for code development as well as One-Time
Programmable memory for full production. The program memory can
not be updated during code execution. However, a special&quot;
in-system-programming&quot; compatibility using only two pins
to serially input and output data allows users to update program
code of the PIC16C84 embedded in a system. The EEPROM data memory
(64 bytes) is readable and writeable during normal execution at
full VDD range (2.0V - 6.0V).

The PIC16C84 employs an advanced RISC-like architecture. A reduced
set of 35 instructions, single word instructions( 14-bit wide),
single cycle instructions except for 2-cycle program branches,
instruction pipe- lining, large register set and separate instruction
and data memory (Harvard architecture) schemes are some of the
architectural innovation used to achieve very high performance.
The PIC16C84 typically achieves a 2:1 code compression and a 4:1
speed improvement over other 8 bit microcontrollers in its class.

The PIC16C84 is equipped with special features to reduce external
components and thus reduce cost, enhance system reliability and
reduce power consumption. There are four oscillator options, of
which the single pin RC oscillator provides a low cost solution
and the LP oscillator minimizes power consumption. The SLEEP (power
down) mode offers power saving. The user can wake up the chip
from SLEEP through external interrupts and reset.

A highly reliable watchdog timer with its own on-chip RC oscillator
provides protection against software malfunction.