Arduino Internals.pdf

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For your convenience Apress has placed some of the front
matter material after the index. Please use the Bookmarks
and Contents at a Glance links to access them.
Contents at a Glance
About the Author ...................................................................................................... xv
About the Technical Reviewers ............................................................................... xvi
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. xvii
Preface .................................................................................................................. xviii
■Chapter
1: Hardware ............................................................................................... 1
■Chapter
2: Software ............................................................................................... 25
■Chapter
3: Atmel AVR ............................................................................................ 39
■Chapter
4: Supporting Hardware ........................................................................... 71
■Chapter
5: Arduino Software ................................................................................. 89
■Chapter
6: Optimizations ....................................................................................... 99
■Chapter
7: Hardware Plus Software .................................................................... 133
■Chapter
8: Example Projects ............................................................................... 165
■Chapter
9: Project Management .......................................................................... 213
■Chapter
10: Hardware Design .............................................................................. 231
■Chapter
11: Software Design ............................................................................... 255
■Chapter
12: Networking....................................................................................... 281
■Chapter
13: More Example Projects .................................................................... 305
Index ....................................................................................................................... 359
iv
CHAPTER 1
Hardware
The hardware of the Arduino has evolved slowly since its introduction in 2005. Because
Arduino
as a
concept is very much a combination of hardware and software, it’s important to have a good
understanding of what’s involved in both areas, as well as the areas where they overlap. Let’s undertake
a broad outline of the hardware part of the Arduino in this chapter, going into some detail in a few areas,
as well as its history and how you’ll play a part in its future.
What Is an Arduino?
Because of Arduino’s history and evolution, there are many variations on what can be called an Arduino.
The list grows longer every day. The official offering from the Arduino Team consists of the Arduino Uno
and the larger Arduino Mega 2560.
When most people think of Arduino, they imagine the small, rectangular (and probably blue)
printed circuit board (PCB). This is properly called the
I/O Board.
See Figure 1-1.
Figure 1-1. The Arduino I/O Board. This is what most people think of when you say “Arduino,” even
though it’s only one piece of a larger system.
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