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May 2016 Issue 68 £4.50
www.military-history.org
A
CONVALESCENCE
Curative crafting in WWI
+
1876
NEW SERIES
George Butterworth
Desert Victory
:
El Alamein to Tripoli
of the
Jeremy Black on a century
of military flight
AIR POWER
Sehestedt, 1813
MHM
MILITARY
May 2016 Issue 68 £4.50
www.military-history.org
A
CONVALESCENCE
Curative crafting in WWI
+
1876
7
NEW SERIES
ar composers:
om o e :
George Butterworth
e
B tt w
Desert Victory
:
s t
El Alamein to Tripoli
m
T
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD:
Martin Brown
Archaeological Advisor, Defence
Estates, Ministry of Defence
Mark Corby
Military historian, lecturer, and
broadcaster
L
Paul Cornish
Curator, Imperial War Museum
Gary Gibbs
Assistant Curator, The Guards Museum
Angus Hay
Former Army Officer, military
historian, and lecturer
Nick Hewitt
Historian, National Museum of the
Royal Navy, Portsmouth
Nigel Jones
Historian, biographer, and journalist
Alastair Massie
Head of Archives, Photos, Film, and
Sound, National Army Museum
Gabriel Moshenska
Research Fellow, Institute
of Archaeology, UCL
Colin Pomeroy
Squadron Leader, Royal Air Force
(Ret.), and historian
Michael Prestwich
Emeritus Professor of History,
University of Durham
Nick Saunders
Senior Lecturer, University of Bristol
Guy Taylor
Military archivist, and archaeologist
Julian Thompson
Major-General, Visiting Professor at
London University
ittle Bighorn may be the most popularised battle
in history. It is probably the subject of more films
and documentaries than any other. The character
of its most-famous protagonist – George Armstrong
Custer – and the sequence of events that led to the
destruction of his command on 25 June 1876 have been
debated for 140 years.
Why the fascination? One reason, surely, is that most
battles of the colonial era were little more than one-sided
slaughter. As such, they lack both drama and interest. The
essential ingredient of uncertain outcome is missing. Is
this not why we remember Isandlwana better than Ulundi,
Maiwand better than Kandahar.
Little Bighorn is, of course, the battle the Indians won.
The tragic record of ethnic-cleansing – for such it was – by
which the American West was cleared of indigenous people
to make way for white settlers was, for a moment, reversed.
The underdog fought back and triumphed.
Perhaps, too, there is satisfaction in the fate of Custer,
who seems to have been a man of exceptional arrogance,
callousness, and ambition, wholly without redeeming moral
qualities. He had it coming, we feel.
US military historian Fred Chiaventone tells the story of
the Little Bighorn in this issue, while Jeremy Black analyses
a century of air power, Donald Stoker reveals Clausewitz at
war, David Porter begins a two-parter on incendiary weapons,
and Patrick Mercer continues our regiment series by recalling
the epic resistance of the Royal Berkshires at Anzio.
of the
Jeremy Black on a century
of military flight
mi
i t
America’s greates
AIR POWER
CLAUSEWIT
C
W
LOST BATTL
E BATTLE
BIGHORN
Sehestedt, 1813
S he t dt 3
ON THE COVER:
Chief Sitting Bull. The
background is a Native American deer-
hide painting depicting the Battle of the
Little Bighorn.
Battle image:
Alamy
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Dominic Tweddle
Director-General, National Museum
of the Royal Navy
Greg Bayne
President, American Civil War Table
of the UK
ADD US NOW
and have your say
CONTRIBUTORS
THIS MONTH’S EXPERTS
JEREMY BLACK
is Professor of
History at the
University of Exeter.
His books include
Rethinking Military
History, Naval
Power: a history of warfare and the sea
from 1500,
and
War and Technology.
FREDERICK
CHIAVENTONE
is an author,
historian, retired
cavalry officer,
and Professor
Emeritus for Inter-
national Security Affairs at US Army
Command and General Staff College.
DAVID PORTER
worked at
the Ministry
of Defence for
30 years, and
is the author of
nine of Second
World War books, as well as numerous
magazine articles.
DONALD STOKER
is Professor of
Strategy and
Policy in the
Naval Post-
graduate School
in Monterey, Cali-
fornia. The most recent of his seven
books is
Clausewitz: his life and work.
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MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
3
May 2016 |
ISSUE 68
ON THE COVER
The Battle
of the Little
Bighorn
INCLUDES:
Background
Custer: the backstory
Custer at the Little Bighorn
Weapons
Casualties
Maps
24
UPFRONT
Welcome
Letters
Notes from the Frontline
Behind the Image
MHM
looks at a photograph of
Churchill’s visit to Caen in July 1944.
It is 140 years since Native
Americans won their greatest
victory over United States forces
on 25 June 1876. This month,
Fred Chiaventone reassesses
this most famous collision.
FEATURES
3
7
8
10
12
14
18
Air power
A century of military flight
Jeremy Black explains why the heady
claims of air-power proponents have
fallen so wide of the mark.
War Composers
Tim Rayborn on the wartime
experiences of George Butterworth.
40
Clausewitz’s lost battle
Sehestedt, 1813
Donald Stoker finds military
theorist Carl von Clausewitz in
the thick of battle.
War Culture
MHM
examines extracts from First
World War hospital scrapbooks.
14
48
Smoke and fire
Flame weapons from
the ancient world to 1900
David Porter begins a two-part series
on incendiary weapons in warfare.
54
REGIMENT
The Royal Berkshires
Patrick Mercer uncovers the
role of ‘The Fighting Tenth’
at Anzio in 1944.
4
MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
May 2016
MHM
CONTENTS
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68
MHM
REVIEWS
Book of the Month
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62
Nick Hewitt reviews
The Last Big Gun: at war
and at sea with HMS Belfast
by Brian Lavery.
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Military History Monthly
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© Current Publishing Ltd 2016
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Briefing Room
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82
All you need to know about
Cesare Borgia.
War on Film
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68
aylor Downing reviews
Desert Victory.
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