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Hypnotherapy
An Exploratory Casebook
by
Milton H. Erickson
and
Ernest L. Rossi
With a Foreword by Sidney Rosen
IRVINGTON PUBLISHERS, Inc., New York
Halsted Press Division of
JOHN WILEY Sons, Inc.
New York London Toronto Sydney
The following copyrighted material is reprinted by permission:
Erickson, M. H. Concerning the nature and character of post-hypnotic behavior.
Journal of General
Psychology,
1941,
24,
95-133 (with E. M. Erickson). Copyright © 1941.
Erickson, M. H. Hypnotic psychotherapy.
Medical Clinics of North America, New York Number,
1948, 571-584. Copyright © 1948.
Erickson, M. H. Naturalistic techniques of hypnosis.
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis,
1958,
1,
3-8. Copyright © 1958.
Erickson, M. H. Further clinical techniques of hypnosis: utilization techniques.
American Journal of
Clinical Hypnosis,
1959,
2,
3-21. Copyright © 1959.
Erickson, M. H. An introduction to the study and application of hypnosis for pain control. In J.
Lassner (Ed.),
Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine: Proceedings of the
International Congress for Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine.
Springer Verlag, 1967. Reprinted
in English and French in the
Journal of the College of General Practice of Canada,
1967, and in
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French in
Cahiers d' Anesthesiologie,
1966,
14,
189-202. Copyright © 1966, 1967.
Copyright © 1979 by Ernest L. Rossi, PhD
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatever, including information storage or
retrieval, in whole or in part (except for brief quotations in critical articles or reviews), without written permission from
the publisher. For information, write to Irvington Publishers, Inc., 551 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
Distributed by HALSTED PRESS
A division of JOHN WILEY SONS, Inc., New York
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Erickson, Milton H. Hypnotherapy, an exploratory casebook.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Hypnotism - Therapeutic use. I. Rossi, Ernest Lawrence, joint author. II. Title. RC495.E719 615.8512 78-23839 ISBN
0-470-26595-7
Printed in The United States of America
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Chapter 1. The Utilization Approach to Hypnotherapy
1. Preparation
2. Therapeutic Trance
3. Ratification of Therapeutic Change Summary Exercises
Chapter 2. The Indirect Forms of Suggestion
1. Direct and Indirect Suggestion
2. The Interspersal Approach
a) Indirect Associative Focusing
b) Indirect Ideodynamic Focusing
3. Truisms Utilizing Ideodynamic Processes
a) Ideomotor Processes
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b) Ideosensory Processes
c) Ideoaffective Processes
d) Ideocognitive Processes
4. Truisms Utilizing Time
5. Not Knowing, Not Doing
6. Open-Ended Suggestions
7. Covering All Possibilities of a Class of Responses
8. Questions That Facilitate New Response Possibilities
a) Questions to Focus Associations
b) Questions in Trance Induction
c) Questions Facilitating Therapeutic Responsiveness
9. Compound Suggestions
a) The Yes Set and Reinforcement
b) Contingent Suggestions and Associational Networks
c) Apposition of Opposites
d) The Negative
e) Shock, Surprise, and Creative Moments
10. Implication and the Implied Directive a) The Implied Directive
11. Binds and Double Binds
a) Binds Modeled on Avoidance-Avoidance and Approach-Approach Conflicts
b) The Conscious-Unconscious Double Bind
c) The Double Dissociation Double Bind
12. Multiple Levels of Meaning and Communication: The Evolution of Consciousness in Jokes,
Puns, Metaphor, and Symbol Exercises
Chapter 3. The Utilization Approach: Trance Induction and Suggestion
1. Accepting and Utilizing the Patient's Manifest Behavior
2. Utilizing Emergency Situations
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3. Utilizing the Patient's Inner Realities
4. Utilizing the Patient's Resistances
5. Utilizing the Patient's Negative Affects and Confusion
6. Utilizing the Patient's Symptoms Exercises
Chapter 4. Posthypnotic Suggestion
1. Associating Posthypnotic Suggestions with Behavioral Inevitabilities
2. Serial Posthypnotic Suggestions
3. Unconscious Conditioning as Posthypnotic Suggestion
4. Initiated Expectations Resolved Posthypnotically
5. Surprise As a Posthypnotic Suggestion Exercises
Chapter 5. Altering Sensory-Perceptual Functioning: The Problem of Pain and Comfort
Case 1.
Conversational Approach to Altering Sensory-Perceptual Functioning: Phantom Limb Pain
and Tinnitus
Case 2.
Shock and Surprise for Altering Sensory-Perceptual Functioning: Intractable Back Pain
Case 3.
Shifting Frames of Reference for Anesthesia and Analgesia
Case 4.
Utilizing the Patient's Own Personality and Abilities for Pain Relief
Selected Shorter Cases:
Exercises for Analysis
Chapter 6. Symptom Resolution
Case 5.
A General Approach to Symptomatic Behavior
Session One:
Part One. Preparation and Initial Trance Work
Part Two. Therapeutic Trance as Intense Inner Work
Part Three. Evaluation and Ratification of Therapeutic Change
Session Two: Insight and Working Through Related Problems
Case 6.
Demonstrating Psychosomatic Asthma with Shock to Facilitate Symptom Resolution and
Insight
Case 7.
Symptom Resolution with Catharsis Facilitating Personality Maturation: An Authoritarian
Approach
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Case 8.
Sexual Dysfunction: Somnambulistic Training in a Rapid Hypnotherapeutic Approach
Part One. Facilitating Somnambulistic Behavior
Part Two. A Rapid Hypnotherapeutic Approach Utilizing . Therapeutic Symbolism with Hand
Levitation
Case 9.
Anorexia Nervosa
Selected Shorter Cases.
Exercises for Analysis
Chapter 7. Memory Revivication
Case 10.
Resolving a Traumatic Experience
Part One. Somnambulistic Training, Autohypnosis, and Hypnotic Anesthesia
Part Two. Reorganizing Traumatic Life Experience and Memory Revivication
Chapter 8. Emotional Coping
Case 11.
Resolving Affect and Phobia with New Frames of Reference
Part One. Displacing a Phobic Symptom
Part Two. Resolving an Early-Life Trauma at the Source of a Phobia
Part Three. Facilitating Learning: Developing New Frames of Reference
Selected Shorter Cases:
Exercises for Analysis
Chapter 9. Facilitating Potentials: Transforming Identity
Case 12.
Utilizing Spontaneous Trance: An Exploration
Integrating Left and Right Hemispheric Activity
Session 1: Spontaneous Trance and its Utilization: Symbolic Healing
Session 2: Part One. Facilitating Self-Exploration
Part Two. Automatic Handwriting and Dissociation
Case 13.
Hypnotherapy in Organic Spinal Cord Damage: New Identity Resolving Suicidal
Depression
Case 14.
Psychological Shock and Surprise to Transform Identity
Case 15.
Experiential Life Review in the Transformation of Identity
Chapter 10. Creating Identity: Beyond Utilization Theory?
Case 16.
The February Man
References
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