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The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
For Small To Medium Database Applications
Document ID:
Version:
REF-0-02
1.0d
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The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
For small to medium database applications
REF-0-02
Version 1.0d
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The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
For small to medium database applications
REF-0-02
Version 1.0d
T
ABLE OF
C
ONTENTS
I
NTRODUCTION
....................................................................................................... 4
T
HE
SDLC W
ATERFALL
............................................................................ 4
A
LLOWED
V
ARIATIONS
.............................................................................. 5
O
THER
SDLC M
ODELS
............................................................................. 6
R
EFERENCES
........................................................................................... 7
G
ENERIC
S
TAGE
..................................................................................................... 8
K
ICKOFF
P
ROCESS
................................................................................... 8
I
NFORMAL
I
TERATION
P
ROCESS
................................................................. 9
F
ORMAL
I
TERATION
P
ROCESS
.................................................................... 9
I
N
-S
TAGE
A
SSESSMENT
P
ROCESS
........................................................... 10
S
TAGE
E
XIT
P
ROCESS
............................................................................ 11
SDLC S
TAGES
...................................................................................................... 12
O
VERVIEW
............................................................................................. 12
P
LANNING
S
TAGE
................................................................................... 13
R
EQUIREMENTS
D
EFINITION
S
TAGE
.......................................................... 14
D
ESIGN
S
TAGE
....................................................................................... 16
D
EVELOPMENT
S
TAGE
............................................................................ 17
I
NTEGRATION
& T
EST
S
TAGE
................................................................... 18
I
NSTALLATION
& A
CCEPTANCE
S
TAGE
...................................................... 19
C
ONCLUSION
......................................................................................................... 20
S
COPE
R
ESTRICTION
.............................................................................. 20
P
ROGRESSIVE
E
NHANCEMENT
................................................................. 20
P
RE
-
DEFINED
S
TRUCTURE
...................................................................... 21
I
NCREMENTAL
P
LANNING
......................................................................... 21
3
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
For small to medium database applications
REF-0-02
Version 1.0d
I
NTRODUCTION
This document describes the Software Development LifeCycle (SDLC) for small
to medium database application development efforts. This chapter presents an
overview of the SDLC, alternate lifecycle models, and associated references. The
following chapter describes the internal processes that are common across all
stages of the SDLC, and the third chapter describes the inputs, outputs, and
processes of each stage. Finally, the conclusion describes the four core concepts
that form the basis of this SDLC.
T
HE
SDLC W
ATERFALL
Small to medium database software projects are generally broken down into six
stages:
Project
Planning
Requirements
Definition
Design
Development
Integration
& Test
Installation
& Acceptance
The relationship of each stage to the others can be roughly described as a
waterfall, where the outputs from a specific stage serve as the initial inputs for the
following stage.
During each stage, additional information is gathered or developed, combined
with the inputs, and used to produce the stage deliverables. It is important to note
that the additional information is restricted in scope; “new ideas” that would take
4
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
For small to medium database applications
REF-0-02
Version 1.0d
the project in directions not anticipated by the initial set of high-level
requirements are not incorporated into the project. Rather, ideas for new
capabilities or features that are out-of-scope are preserved for later consideration.
After the project is completed, the Primary Developer Representative (PDR) and
Primary End-User Representative (PER), in concert with other customer and
development team personnel develop a list of recommendations for enhancement
of the current software.
P
ROTOTYPES
The software development team, to clarify requirements and/or design elements,
may generate mockups and prototypes of screens, reports, and processes.
Although some of the prototypes may appear to be very substantial, they're
generally similar to a movie set: everything looks good from the front but there's
nothing in the back.
When a prototype is generated, the developer produces the minimum amount of
code necessary to clarify the requirements or design elements under
consideration. No effort is made to comply with coding standards, provide robust
error management, or integrate with other database tables or modules. As a result,
it is generally more expensive to retrofit a prototype with the necessary elements
to produce a production module then it is to develop the module from scratch
using the final system design document.
For these reasons, prototypes are never intended for business use, and are
generally crippled in one way or another to prevent them from being mistakenly
used as production modules by end-users.
A
LLOWED
V
ARIATIONS
In some cases, additional information is made available to the development team
that requires changes in the outputs of previous stages. In this case, the
development effort is usually suspended until the changes can be reconciled with
the current design, and the new results are passed down the waterfall until the
project reaches the point where it was suspended.
The PER and PDR may, at their discretion, allow the development effort to
continue while previous stage deliverables are updated in cases where the impacts
are minimal and strictly limited in scope. In this case, the changes must be
carefully tracked to make sure all their impacts are appropriately handled.
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