Fish Passes - Design, dimension and monitoring FAO DVWK.pdf

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FISH PA SS E S
PASSES
A S
DESIGN, DIMENSIONS AND MON
NS AND MON
MONITORING
NG
Fish passes – Design, dimensions and monitoring
Published by the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
in arrangement with
Deutscher Verband für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturbau e.V. (DVWK)
Rome, 2002
This book was originally published by
Deutscher Verband für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturbau e.V., DVWK
(German Association for Water Resources and Land Improvement)
as DVWK-Merkblatt 232/1996:
Fischaufstiegsanlagen – Bemessung, Gestaltung, Funktionskontrolle
.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in
this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of
any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
The designations ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ economies
are intended for statistical convenience
and do not necessarily express a judgement
about the stage reached by a particular country, territory
or area in the development process.
The views expressed herein are those of the authors
and do not necessarily represent those of the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this
information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are
authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders
provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this
information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited
without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such
permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management
Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,
00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to copyright@fao.org
FAO ISBN: 92-5-104894-0
DVWK ISBN: 3-89554-027-7
DVWK ISSN: 0722-7167
English version copyright 2002 by FAO
German version copyright 1996 by DVWK
iii
Preparation of this publication
This co-publication by FAO and DVWK (German Association For Water Resources and Land Improvement)
is a translation of a book that was first published by DVWK in German in 1996. The FAO Fisheries Department
has decided to produce the English edition to make available the valuable information contained in this
technical document on a world-wide scale as no comparable work was so far available, especially as regards
the close-to-nature types of fish passes.
This document was translated into English by Mr. D. d’Enno, Translator, United Kingdom, and Mr. G. Marmulla,
Fishery Resources Officer, FAO, Rome. It was edited by G. Marmulla and Dr. R. Welcomme, FAO Consultant
and former staff member of FAO’s Fisheries Department.
The German edition “
Fischaufstiegsanlagen – Bemessung, Gestaltung, Funktionskontrolle
” was prepared by
the Technical Committee on “Fishways” of the DVWK and published in the DVWK “Guidelines for Water
Management” that are the professional result of voluntary technical-scientific co-operative work, available for
anyone to use. The German edition was financially supported by the German Federal Inter-State Working
Group on Water (LAWA).
The recommendations published in these Guidelines represent a standard for correct technical conduct and
are therefore an important source of information for specialist work in normal conditions. However, these
Guidelines cannot cover all special cases in which further, or restricting, measures are required. Use of these
Guidelines does not absolve anyone from responsibility for their own actions. Everyone acts at his or her own
risk.
Acknowledgments
We express our best thanks to Dr. Alex Haro, Ecologist, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center,
Turners Falls, USA, and Dipl.-Ing., Ulrich Dumont, Floecksmühle Consulting Engineers, Aachen, Germany,
who kindly assisted with the revision of the translation. We also acknowledge with thanks the kind support by
Mr. D. Barion, DVWK, and Mr. W. Schaa, State Agency for Water and Waste Management – District of
Cologne, Branch Office Bonn, as well as Drs B. Adam and U. Schwevers, Institute for Applied Ecology, Kirtorf-
Wahlen (all Germany).
The most particular thanks are due to Mr. G. Ellis, Rome, who patiently prepared the layout in a very
professional manner.
iv
FAO/DVWK.
Fish passes – Design, dimensions and monitoring.
Rome, FAO. 2002. 119p.
Abstract
Key words:
fish pass; fishway; fish ladder; technical fish passes; close-to-nature types; hydraulic calculation;
upstream migration; free passage; river rehabilitation; restoration; longitudinal connectivity; monitoring
Many fish species undertake more or less extended migrations as part of their basic behaviour. Amongst the
best known examples in Europe are salmon (
Salmo salar
) and sturgeon (
Acipenser sturio
), which often swim
several thousands of kilometres when returning from the sea to their spawning grounds in rivers. In addition
to these long-distance migratory species other fish and invertebrates undertake more or less short-term or
small-scale migrations from one part of the river to another at certain phases of their life cycles.
Fish passes are of increasing importance for the restoration of free passage for fish and other aquatic species
in rivers as such devices are often the only way to make it possible for aquatic fauna to pass obstacles that
block their up-river journey. The fish passes thus become key elements for the ecological improvement of
running waters. Their efficient functioning is a prerequisite for the restoration of free passage in rivers.
However, studies of existing devices have shown that many of them do not function correctly. Therefore,
various stakeholders, e.g. engineers, biologists and administrators, have declared great interest in generally
valid design criteria and instructions that correspond to the present state-of-the-art of experience and
knowledge.
The present Guidelines first refer to the underlying ecological basics and discuss the general requirements
that must be understood for sensible application of the complex interdisciplinary matters. These general
considerations are followed by technical recommendations and advice for the design and evaluation of fish
passes as well as by proposals for choosing their hydraulic dimensions correctly and testing the functioning.
Fishways can be constructed in a technically utilitarian way or in a manner meant to emulate nature. Bypass
channels and fish ramps are among the more natural solutions, while the more technical solutions include
conventional pool-type passes, slot passes, fish lifts, hydraulic fish locks and eel ladders. All these types are
dealt with in this book. Furthermore, particular emphasis is laid on the importance of comprehensive
monitoring.
These Guidelines deal with mitigation of the upstream migration only as data on improvement of downstream
passage was scarce at the time of the preparation of the first edition, published in German in 1996. Therefore,
the complex theme of downstream migration is only touched on but not developed in depth.

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